There was a posting over on the Oracle Spatial forum on Oracle Technet recently where a poster wanted to know how to fix the ordinates of an existing SDO_GEOMETRY object because the values that had been entered were incorrect (multiplied by 100000). This is the orginal post:

I was given a spatial network table, I have a problem though, when they built the original spatial table the lat longs were in whole numbers with precision of 5 ie(4787580, -9409401 which really should have been 47.87580, -94.09401), so my question for you all is… is there a way to loop through the table and perhaps alter each rows SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY and say divide all the values for each row by 100000?

Siva Ravada (one of the Oracle Spatial development team) answered his question with the following bespoke function.

create or replace function fix_ordinates(geometry sdo_geometry)
  return SDO_GEOMETRY deterministic 
as
  idx number;
  result sdo_geometry;
begin
  result := geometry;
  FOR idx in 1 .. result.sdo_ordinates.count LOOP
    result.sdo_ordinates(idx) := result.sdo_ordinates(idx)/100000;
  END LOOP;
  return result;
end;

This function got me wondering what a more generic function might look like that could provide a greater range of potential corrections that could be applied to the ordinates in an SDO_GEOMETRY. Immediately this got me thinking about allowing a user to provide a formula for each of the elements of a coordinate ie X, Y, Z and W (ie M).

Here is my coding of the function (which has been added to my GEOM package).

  Function fix_ordinates(p_geometry  in sdo_geometry,
                         p_x_formula in varchar2,
                         p_y_formula in varchar2,
                         p_z_formula in varchar2 := null,
                         p_w_formula in varchar2 := null)
    Return SDO_GEOMETRY 
  Is
     v_measure_posn PLS_INTEGER; /* Ordinate position of the Measure value in an LRS geometry */
     v_dims         PLS_INTEGER;
     v_gtype        PLS_INTEGER;
     v_sdo_point    mdsys.sdo_point_type;
     v_ordinates    MDSYS.SDO_Ordinate_Array := new MDSYS.SDO_Ordinate_Array();
     v_vertex       mdsys.vertex_type;
     v_sql          varchar2(4000);
     NULL_GEOMETRY  EXCEPTION;
  Begin
    If ( p_geometry is NULL ) Then
      raise NULL_GEOMETRY;
    End If;
    v_dims  := TRUNC(p_geometry.sdo_gtype/1000,0);
    v_gtype := Mod(p_geometry.sdo_gtype,10);
    -- If sdo_geometry is a single point coded in sdo_point, then update it
    v_sdo_point := p_geometry.sdo_point;
    If ( v_gtype = 1 And p_geometry.sdo_point is not null ) Then
      v_sql := 'SELECT mdsys.sdo_point_type(' || p_x_formula || ',' || 
                                                 p_y_formula || ',' || 
                                                 case when p_z_formula is null 
                                                      then 'NULL' 
                                                      else p_z_formula
                                                  end || ') 
                FROM (SELECT :X as X,:Y as Y,:Z as Z FROM DUAL )';
       EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql
                    INTO v_sdo_point 
                   USING v_sdo_point.x, 
                         v_sdo_point.y, 
                         v_sdo_point.z;
    End If;
    If ( p_geometry.sdo_ordinates is not null ) Then
      v_measure_posn := MOD(trunc(p_geometry.sdo_gtype/100),10);
      /* Need to UNPIVOT x,y,z,w records from "b" query into ordinate list to collect into v_ordinates */
      v_sql := '
SELECT CASE A.rin
            WHEN 1 THEN b.x
            WHEN 2 THEN b.y
            WHEN 3 THEN CASE ' || v_measure_posn || '
                             WHEN 0 THEN b.z 
                             WHEN 3 THEN b.w
                         END
            WHEN 4 THEN b.w
        END as ord
  FROM (SELECT LEVEL as rin 
          FROM DUAL 
        CONNECT BY LEVEL <= ' || v_dims || ') a,
       (SELECT rownum as cin, ' || 
               case when p_x_formula is null
                    then 'x'
                    else p_x_formula 
                end || ' as x,' || 
               case when p_y_formula is null
                    then 'y'
                    else p_y_formula 
                end || ' as y,' || 
               case when p_z_formula is null
                    then 'z'
                    else p_z_formula 
                end || ' as z,' || 
               case when p_w_formula is null
                    then 'w'
                    else p_w_formula 
                end || ' as w
          FROM (SELECT v.x,
                       v.y, ' ||
                       CASE WHEN v_measure_posn <> 3 /* If measured geometry and measure position is not 3 then Z is coded in this position */
                            THEN 'v.z'
                            ELSE 'NULL'
                        END || ' as z, ' ||
                       CASE WHEN v_measure_posn = 3 /* If measured geometry and measure position is 3 then Z has been coded with W so move it */
                            THEN 'v.z'
                            ELSE 'v.w'
                        END || ' as w
                  FROM TABLE(mdsys.sdo_util.GetVertices(:1)) v
               )
        ) b
 ORDER BY B.cin,A.rin';
      EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql
      BULK COLLECT INTO v_ordinates
                  USING p_geometry;
    End If;
    Return sdo_geometry(p_geometry.sdo_gtype,
                        p_geometry.sdo_srid,
                        v_sdo_point,
                        p_geometry.sdo_elem_info,
                        v_ordinates);
    EXCEPTION
      WHEN NULL_GEOMETRY Then
        raise_application_error(CODESYS.CONSTANTS.c_i_null_geometry,
                                CODESYS.CONSTANTS.c_s_null_geometry,TRUE);
        RETURN p_geometry;
      WHEN OTHERS THEN
        dbms_output.put_line('Error ('|| SQLCODE ||') of ' || SQLERRM(SQLCODE) );
        RETURN p_geometry;
  End fix_ordinates;

Note that the function expects 4 formulae that are applied to the X,Y,Z and W ordinates depending on the dimensionality of the SDO_Geometry. Note that if a 2D geometry has been coded with a measure in the Z position (eg 3302) then the function will move the measure to the W position and then move it back: measure formula should be provided in this more “naturalistic” interpretation of a geometry’s ordinates.

The formula may reference the ordinates of the geometry via the columns X, Y, Z and W (the Vertex_Type fields produced by SDO_Util.GetVertices function) keywords. These keywords can be referred to multiple times in a formula (see ‘ROUND ( z / ( z * dbms_random.value(1,10) ), 3 )’ in the example that processes a 3D linestring below). Since the formula are applied via SQL even Oracle intrinsic columns like ROWNUM can be used (see ‘(rownum * w)’ below). One can also use any Oracle function, eg RANDOM: this includes functions in packages such as DBMS_RANDOM eg ‘ROUND ( Y * dbms_random.value ( 1,1000) ,3 )’) as well.

Here are some tests on point and linestring geometries.

-- Test a single 2D point
select geom.fix_ordinates(mdsys.SDO_Geometry('POINT(1.25 2.44)'),
                          'ROUND(:X * 3.141592653,3)',
                          'ROUND(:Y * dbms_random.value(1,1000),3)',
                          NULL).Get_WKT() as point2d
  from dual;
POINT2D
---------------------
POINT (3.927 707.838)

1 rows selected
-- Test single 3D point
select geom.fix_ordinates(mdsys.SDO_Geometry(3001,null,sdo_point_type(1.25,2.44,3.09),null,null),
                          'ROUND(:X * 3.141592653,3)',
                          'ROUND(:Y * dbms_random.value(1,1000),3)',
                          'ROUND(:Z / 1000,3)') as point3d
  from dual;

POINT3D
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY(3001,null,MDSYS.SDO_POINT_TYPE(3.927,814.987,0.003),null))

1 rows selected
-- Test a 2d linestring
select geom.fix_ordinates(mdsys.SDO_Geometry('LINESTRING(1.12345 1.3445,2.43534 2.03998398)'),
                          'ROUND(:X * 3.141592653,3)',
                          'ROUND(:Y * dbms_random.value(1,1000),3)').Get_WKT() as LINE2D
  from dual;

LINE2D
------------------------------------------
LINESTRING (3.529 805.689, 7.651 1418.316)

1 rows selected

-- Modify the Z ordinate of the following 3D multilinestring object
select geom.fix_ordinates(SDO_Geometry(3006,null,null,sdo_elem_info_array(1,2,1,10,2,1),
                               sdo_ordinate_array(1.12345,1.3445,9,2.43534,2.03998398,9,3.43513,3.451245,9,10,10,9,10,20,9)),
                               NULL,
                               NULL,
                               'ROUND(z / (z * dbms_random.value(1,10)),3)',
                               NULL) as fixed_mutlilinestring3D
  from dual;

FIXED_MUTLILINESTRING3D
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY(3006,null,null,MDSYS.SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,2,1,10,2,1),MDSYS.SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(1.12345,1.3445,0.26,2.43534,2.03998398,0.323,3.43513,3.451245,0.116,10,10,0.312,10,20,0.132))

1 rows selected

Finally,

SELECT geom.fix_ordinates(
         SDO_Geometry( 3302,  -- line string, 3 dimensions: X,Y,M
                      NULL,
                      NULL,
                      SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,2,1), -- one line string, straight segments
                      SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(
                        2,2,0,   -- Start point - Exit1; 0 is measure from start.
                        2,4,2,   -- Exit2; 2 is measure from start. 
                        8,4,8,   -- Exit3; 8 is measure from start. 
                        12,4,12,  -- Exit4; 12 is measure from start. 
                        12,10,NULL,  -- Not an exit; measure automatically calculated and filled.
                        8,10,22,  -- Exit5; 22 is measure from start.  
                        5,14,27)  -- End point (Exit6); 27 is measure from start.
                    ),
                    NULL,
                    NULL,
                    NULL,
                    '(rownum * w)') 
         as measured_geom
  FROM dual;

MEASURED_GEOM
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY(3302,null,null,MDSYS.SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,2,1),MDSYS.SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(2,2,0,2,4,4,8,4,24,12,4,48,12,10,null,8,10,132,5,14,189))

1 rows selected

I think this is a pretty flexible, nay “funky” function. I hope you find it useful. If you want it improved or find any problems, please let me know.

Simon,
This looks pretty neat. There are still a lot of things you are doing which I don’t follow, mostly because I don’t know much about Oracle.

For example
p_geometry.sdo_point —> does an sdo_geometry only return something in this case if it is a point? Do they have like .sbo_polygon and so forth constructs.

This construct is kind of new to me
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql BULK COLLECT INTO v_ordinates USING p_geometry;
I assume that :1 is p_geometry so the vSQL will explode generate an sql statement for each vertex when you do TABLE ( mdsys.sdo_util.GetVertices( :1 )

What does DECODE do?

Sorry for the somewhat inane questions.

I’m wondering if I can do a similar thing in PostGIS (perhaps when/if I or someone else gets this ST_DumpPoints going)

— Regina Feb 14, 06:58 am #
Regina,
Thanks for your comments.
"p_geometry.sdo_point -> does an sdo_geometry only return something in this case if it is a point? Do they have like .sbo_polygon and so forth constructs."
An Oracle SDO_Geometry is encoded as an actual Object (cf SQL3) as follows:
SQL> describe mdsys.sdo_geometry Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- SDO_GTYPE NUMBER SDO_SRID NUMBER SDO_POINT MDSYS.SDO_POINT_TYPE SDO_ELEM_INFO MDSYS.SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY SDO_ORDINATES MDSYS.SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY ==== METHOD ------ MEMBER FUNCTION GET_GTYPE RETURNS NUMBER ... .... other methods removed for sake of brevity ... -- SDO_POINT_TYPE is defined as: SQL> desc mdsys.sdo_point_type Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ------ X NUMBER Y NUMBER Z NUMBER ==== -- The last two ARRAY types are: SQL> desc MDSYS.SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY MDSYS.SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY VARRAY(1048576) OF NUMBER ==== SQL> desc MDSYS.SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY MDSYS.SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY VARRAY(1048576) OF NUMBER
Normally, single points are coded in the SDO_POINT structure with the SDO_ELEM_INFO and SDO_ORDINATE arrays left as NULL. However, one can code a single point in the latter two arrays and code the SDO_POINT to NULL. Multipoints are normally coded in the two arrays eg
SDO_ELEM_INFO(1/*StartPositionInOrdinateArray*/, 1/*type of element ie 1 == point*/, n/*NumberOfPoints*/)
That is, at position 1 in the SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY are *n* points (1). Multi/Linestrings and Multi/Polygons are described by special elements in the SDO_ELEM_INFO structure and the coordinates, stored as a flat ordinate array, are stored in the SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY. Every non-single point Oracle SDO_Geometry object can use the SDO_POINT structure to record a point: so, a linestring or polygon can have associated with it a point, perhaps the centroid of a polygon?
"This construct is kind of new to me"
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql BULK COLLECT INTO v_ordinates USING p_geometry;
Since PostgreSQL has *dynamic SQL* capability with USING and INTO variable handling I will assume the thing you don't understand is the "BULK COLLECT".
Normally, when you execute any SQL you either get a single row returned or multiple rows returned. The BULK COLLECT clause is a way of handling ALL the rows in a result set in one execute. When you do this the variable that is the target of the INTO clause must be some sort of ARRAY (or Nested Table). In this situation, the target is an SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY object which is, of course, an array.
So, what I am doing is UNPIVOTing the X,Y,Z and M values (see discussion below) in order to _serialise_ them into a list of ordinates, then I am collecting them all up and dumping them into the SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY object is the correct order for the SDO_Geometry object. In this was I don't have to manipulate the VARRAY in code looping around, extending the array and adding in the ordinates.
"I assume that :1 is p_geometry so the vSQL will explode generate an sql statement for each vertex when you do TABLE ( mdsys.sdo_util.GetVertices( :1 )"
The GetVertices function interrogates the SDO_Geometry object and "unserialises" the SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY creating an ARRAY of MDSYS.VERTEX_TYPE:
SQL> desc mdsys.vertex_type Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ------ X NUMBER Y NUMBER Z NUMBER W NUMBER ID NUMBER
The TABLE operator in Oracle provides a mechanism for extracting the elements of a collection (eg array) for purposes of query. That is, TABLE takes the collection and makes it look like a table. This is called collection unnesting.
Each vertex in the array is returned as a single record in the SQL SELECT statment that is using the TABLE function. DECODE is an Oracle function that predates Oracle's support for the CASE statement. One reads a DECODE as follows:
IF value of A.rin is 1 THEN return b.x ELSEIF value of A.rin is 2 THEN return b.y etc
So, the use of DECODE in the SQL:
SELECT DECODE(A.rin,1,b.x, 2,b.y, 3,DECODE(' || v_measure_posn || ',0,b.z,3,b.w), 4,b.w) as ord
Can actually be replaced by the following:
SELECT CASE A.rin WHEN 1 THEN b.x WHEN 2 THEN b.y WHEN 3 THEN CASE ' || v_measure_posn || ' WHEN 0 THEN b.z WHEN 3 THEN b.w END WHEN 4 THEN b.w END as ord
(Which I have now done.)
What I am doing with the DECODE/CASE is UNPIVOTing the four fields in a single row returned by a SELECT like this one:
SELECT v.x,v.y,v.z,.v.w FROM TABLE(mdsys.sdo_util.GetVertices(<>)) v;
so that each field is returned in its own row eg
Ordinate Value -------- ----- 1 v.x 2 v.y 3 v.z 4 v.w "Sorry for the somewhat inane questions." No question is every inane. "I’m wondering if I can do a similar thing in PostGIS (perhaps when/if I or someone else gets this ST_DumpPoints going)." You are dead right: it all depends on someone extending PostGIS with a custom or native ST_DumpPoints() function. regards Simon — Simon Greener Feb 14, 04:02 pm #


		Simon,

	Thanks for the detailed explanation.  This has got me thinking some more

	1) desc mdsys.vertex_type
 the W what is that?  IS that like the M (measure position) and if so why is it called W?

	2) For the GetVertices how far does it drill down.  – I still haven’t gotten used to oracle’s connect by syntax for doing recursive queries so maybe I could figure this out on my own if I analyzed that more closely.

	In the ST_DumpPoints approach I am envisioning (usual PostGIS dump structure – array of geometry_dumps with path,geom) , the path would be the n-dimensional array that stores the nested position of the point.

	So for a POLYGON it would be something like

	[0]⁰⁰ — as outer ring point first point

	[0]¹⁰ — as inner ring first point and so forth.

	For a multipolygon it would be like

[0]⁰⁰⁰ and so forth

	For Points and Multipoints it would be an empty or 1 d array.

	I’m not sure how GetVertices deals with this since it looks like a one dimensional array of points (or is that where the corresponding comes into play)



— Regina    Feb 14, 05:36 pm    #

		Slight correction.  Hmm what what was I thinking.

	I guess I am so used to thinking in 0 being first index and its not an n-dimensional array.  Its a 1-dimension of n numbers.

	So what I meant to say was

	path would be like

{0,1,1} for outer ring first point of a Polygon

{1,1,1) for 1st inner ring first point

	{} for a POINT

{1} for a MULTIPOINT first point.

	Anyrate argument still holds how the vertices in Oracle map back to the ordinate array when ordinate array is not a single dimension.  Or is the ordinate array always a single dimension?



— Regina    Feb 14, 05:56 pm    #






  

	
	  
	   	Name
	  
   
	  	
	  
	  
	  	 Remember 
	   
	
	
	  
	  	E-mail
	  
	  
	  	
	  
    
	 
	  
	  	http://
	  
	  
	  	
	  
	
	
	  
	  	Message
	  
	  
	  	
	  
	
	
	   
	  
		Textile Help
	  
	  
                
		
	  
	
  








<<Implementing a SetPoint/ST_SetPoint function in Oracle
>>ESRI ArcSDE Exverted and Inverted Polygons and Oracle Spatial